QUANTITY ESTIMATION & MASS-HAUL DIAGRAMS
Cost Estimation
•The highway design process often requires the designer to consider a number of constraints before arriving at a balanced design. In most cases, the balanced design is only achieved after several iterations have been completed. Political, social, environmental and economical forces will interplay when a project is in the design stage.
•The effectiveness of a design alignment is measured using a number of methods.
•One measurement tool which assists the designer to estimate the economic implications of a project is known as cost estimation.
•Estimates can be calculated using various levels of detail.
•A simple model may have global estimates for road construction (e.g. $1.2 million / km of two-lane-two-way highway, 110 km/h design speed), and other components of the project ($5 million per fully directional interchange).This model may be most appropriate during the preliminary design process.
•As a project progresses, a more detailed estimate is normally required. Continue reading
hendriwibowo 